SCREENING EFFECT
The protection given by the inner electrons to the valence electrons from the nucleus is called screening effect.
As the inner electrons increase in number, screening effect increases and the ionization potential decreases.
The extent of penetration of orbitals towards the nucleus follows the order s > p > d > f for a given principle quantum number n.
With increase in the extent of penetration, I.P. increases. s > p > d > f.
Atoms having completely filled and half filled orbtials are more stable and need more energy for ionization.
Be has greater ionisation potential than B due to the completely filled s-orbital.
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