ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
| Chemical class | Group | Formula | Prefix | Suffix |
| R−OH | hydroxy- | -ol | ||
| R−CH3 | methyl- (similarly for higher alkyl substituents: ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc.) |
| R−CH=CH−R' | convert the part substituting for alk in the name of the alkaneinto the alk of the word alkene: ethane/ethene,propane/propene, butane/butene, etc. | -ene | ||
| R−C≡C−R' | convert the part substituting for alk in the name of the alkaneinto the alk of the word alkyne: ethane/ethyne,propane/propyne, butane/butyne, etc. | -yne | ||
| Amide | R−C(=O)N(−H)−R' | name according to the parent amine and acid, respectively:alkyl alkanamide | ||
| Amines | primary Amine | R−NH2 | amino- | -amine |
| secondary Amine | R−N(−H)−R' | amino- | -amine | |
| tertiary Amine | R−N(−R')−R | amino- | -amine | |
| Azo | R-N=N-R' | |||
| | R−C≡N | alkyl nitrile | ||
| | Pyridyl | R−C5H4N | ||
| R−C(=O)OH non-ionized R−C(=O)O− ionized | hydrocarboxy- | -oic acid | ||
| R−C(=O)H | -al | |||
| R−C(=O)−R' | keto- | -one | ||
| Imines | primary Imine | R−C(=NH)−R' | imino- | -imine |
| secondary Imine | R−C(−H)=N−R' | imino- | -imine | |
| Ether | R−O−R' | named according to the parent alcohols, respectively:alkylalkylether | ||
| Ester | R−C(=O)O−R' | named according to the parent alcohol and acid, respectively:alkyl alkanoate | ||
| Halogens | F,Cl,Br,etc. | |||
| Isocyanates | R−N=C=O | alkyl isocyanate | ||
| R−N=C=S | alkyl isothiocyanate | |||
| Phenyl | R−C6H5 | |||
| Benzyl | R−CH2−C6H5 | benzyl | ||
| | R−OP(=O)2O−R' | |||
| R−SH | -thiol | |||
| | R−S−R' |
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