SYSTEM & SURROUNDINGS
SYSTEM:- A small part of universe that is under thermodynamic study at that instant. It is any part of universe that is under thermodynamic study at that instant.
SURROUNDINGS :- The remaining part of the universe.
Universe = system + surroundings
Systems are classified on the basis of their interaction with the surroundings as follows:
o OPEN SYSTEM :- The system where matter and energy are exchanged with surroundings.
Boundary is not sealed and not insulated
Eg. All living beings, A cup containg water.
o CLOSED SYSTEM :- The system where only the energy but not the matter is exchanged with the surroundings.
Boundary is sealed but not insulated
Eg. A closed steel cantainer having hot water.
o ISOLATED SYSTEM:- The system which does not exchange either the matter or energy with the
surroudnings.
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